To give the less imaginative viewer a better idea of the substance and volume of the solids, it is sometimes useful to add a small ground plan in one corner of the drawing. Surfaces which lie in shade or shadow can be darkened by hatching. Glass as a building material requires little or no indication in this type of sketch. Next we determine the proportions of the various visible surfaces, drawing first their vertical and then their oblique lines. With this more interesting but rather difficult job, the first step is to plot the verticals and the horizon line as shown in Figure 18.13. Ground Plan 18.10 Exterior Views of a Shop and Cafe Figure 18.11 Six Freehand Details for Roof PitchesĮxample ol a very rapid sketch that might have been made in a cafe on the back ol an envelope. These examples show that just a few freehand strokes are enough to convey a relatively accurate impression of interior space. Not everyone has the same powers of imagination, and with some building or design projects it may prove difficult to explain to a client, for instance, which spatial effects or finished appearances one is aiming for, or what the possible alternatives are in terms of cost-cutting or restrictive regulations. The spectator will complete the picture with details he has already seen and experienced. A lot of repetitious features such as rows of detail need only be partially shown. The lines can be interrupted at corners, etc. The lines are simple, bold, and confident. This kind of sketch is typified by its concentration on the most conspicuous parts of the structure, rapid execution, and the total absence of any "useless"' ingredient. Small details may be overlooked in the process, but this will make the outlines all the clearer. If one needs to make a lot of small sketches like this, for whatever reason, one will eventually learn to pick out just the essentials of an object and then to set them down on paper in a very short space of time. The fact that many parts of small sketches seem too strong because of the thickness of the stroke should not worry the beginner, since it is typical of this type of illustration. These are routine examples of typical historical styles and were drawn in the lecture hall. 15th century Wr,t,n9 Cabinel- 1 780Ĭastle Ch.llon <1 100) on Lake Geneva Sl Ulnch Goslar (, 050,ġ8.8 Sketches from a Lecture on the History of Architecture If these vanishing points are unattainable, we can use scale lines to indicate the correct vanishing line direction.Īnother drawing aid with symmetrically constructed objects-as is the case here-is the axis of symmetry which, once found, can be used to locate the correct points for the individual lines with the use of further scaling Where there is shade or cast shadow, the timber faces can be provided with drawn grain lines Italian Chest. The horizon line is plotted first, as always Then come the verticals, which also provide height-to-width proportions for the various faces The vanishing lines converge left and right on common vanishing points on the horizon. This makes no great demands on the draftsman, provided the furniture has more or less closed forms. Mmssm 1 8.7 Sketches of Classical Furniture